Cosmetic composition

ABSTRACT

An aqueous cosmetic composition adapted to be coated on the skin or hair and to deposit a thin film of water-insoluble cosmetic material comprising an aqueous medium having a protective colloid, and dispersed therein a solution of said water-insoluble cosmetic material in an organic solvent, which solvent is selected from the class of volatile water-insoluble solvents and solvents soluble in water at room temperature only to a limited extent.

United States Patent Laiderman [54] COSMETIC COMPOSITION [72] Inventor:Donald David Laiderman, Deerfield,

[73] Assignee: The Gillette Company, Boston,

Mass.

[22] Filed: Oct. 18, 1966 [21] App]. No.: 587,387

[52] US. Cl. ..424/70, 8/l0.l, 424/71, 424/78, 424/80, 424/81, 424/361,424/362,

[51] Int. Cl. ..A6lk 7/06 [58] Field of Search ..424/47, 59, 70, 362,363; 252/308 [56] References Cited OTHER PUBLICATIONS Remington No. l,Remingtons Practice of Pharmacy, Martin et al., Mack Publishing Co.,Easton, Pa. 9th Ed. p. I375 (i948) Remington No.

2, Remingtons Pharmaceutical 51 Oct. 10,1972

Sciences, Martin et al., Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa. llth Ed. p.292- 299, 302 & 303 (1965) Pickthall, Jack, J. Soc. Cos. Chem, Vol. 2,No. 3 p. 141- 156(1951) Greenberg, Leon A. et al., Handbook of Cos. Man,Interscience Pub. p. 26 (1954) Harry, R. G., Cosmetic Materials, (Prin.& Pract. of Mod. Cos.) Chemical Publishing Co. NY, NY (1963) PrimaryExaminerAlbert T. Meyers Assistant Examiner-Allen J. Robinson.Att0rneyR. W. Furlong ABSIRACT 5 Claims, No Drawings COSMETICCOMPOSITION This invention relates to stable aqueous cosmeticcompositions containing substantially water-insoluble cosmetic materialsand capable of depositing a smooth film of the cosmetic material on theskin or hair by means of a rinse-on application.

There exists a variety of cosmetic materials of very limited watersolubility which are able to confer useful properties to skin and hairwhen deposited thereon in a smooth even layer. While this can be done byemploying solutions of such material in a volatile organic solvent, thelarge volume of solvent required to permit even application of a smooththin layer is undesirable from the standpoint of both cost and ofpossible effects of the solvent on the skin or hair. Although it is alsopossible to prepare oil-in-water emulsions of liquid cosmetic materialsof limited water solubility, the presence of residual surface activeemulsifying agents in the resulting film often renders it subject toremoval by water, or even by normal perspiration.

One object of the present invention is to provide a cosmetic compositionin the form of an aqueous dispersion of a substantially water-insolublefilm-forming material which composition is capable of being applied tothe skin or hair and of depositing a thin smooth film of such materialon the skin or hair when rinsed, i.e. diluted, with water.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a cosmeticcomposition capable of depositing on the skin or hair a thin smoothlayer of a substantially waterinsoluble material which layer isresistant to subsequent removal by aqueous compositions. I

A further object of the present invention is to provide a method ofapplying to the skin or hair a thin smooth layer of a substantiallywater-insoluble material, said method making use of an aqueouscomposition containing a minor proportion of organic solvent for saidmaterial.

Other and further objects will be apparent from the description whichfollows.

It has been found that thin smooth films of substantiallywater-insoluble materials can be laid down on the skin or hair fromcompositions which comprise an emulsion having water thickened with aprotective colloid in the external phase and having as the dispersephase a solution of the water-insoluble cosmetic material in acosmetically acceptable organic solvent of special characteristics.

In the present invention, conventional surfactants (i.e. surface activeagents) are not employed. Instead, the substantially water-insolublenon-volatile cosmetic material is dissolved in an organic solvent inwhich it is soluble and this solution then dispersed in a thickenedaqueous medium in which the thickener serves as a protective colloid tohold the dispersed phase in suspension for long periods of time.

When these new compositions are applied to the skin or hair as a coatingand subsequently rinsed with water or allowed to dry, there is depositedon the skin or hair a smooth thin semi-continuous film of the cosmeticmaterial. Because of the absence of any surface active agent the filmcannot easily be removed with water.

The cosmetic materials which may be applied to the skin or hair inaccordance with this invention include a wide variety of substantiallywater-insoluble nonvolatile materials which have utility in the cosmeticart.

The term substantially water-insoluble cosmetic materials is intended toinclude all those substantially colorless fats, oils, waxes, andpolymers which have a cosmetic utility and a solubility in water at roomtemperature (23 C.) of less than 0.5% by weight. Examples of suchmaterials are mineral oils derived from petroleum; fatty materials ofvegetable or animal origin such as lanolin, sperm oil, coconut oil,olive oil, peanut oil and the like; saturated and unsaturated fattyacids and fatty alcohols having 10 or more carbon atoms; esters of fattyacids such as isopropyl myristate; and fatty amines such as stearylamineand amides thereof with fatty acids containing up to five carbon atoms.Included also are the animal waxes such as beeswax and spermaceti; thevegetable waxes such as carnauba, bayberry and candelilla; the mineralwaxes including m'ontan, ozokerite, ceresin and paraffin and thesynthetic waxes as exemplified by the medium molecular weightpolyethylenes, polyethylene glycols, and polyoxyethylene esters such assorbitan monostearate; and natural gums and resins such as shellac andbenzoin. Other examples of synthetic polymeric cosmetic materials whichmay be formulated in accordance with the teachings of this inventioninclude water-insoluble copolymers of vinyl pyrollidone with vinylesters of fatty acids such as vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinylbutyrate and the like; copolymers of vinyl alkyl ethers with maleicanhydride; copolymers of ethylene and maleic anhydride and esters suchas cellulose acetate or cellulose butyrate. In a preferred embodiment ofthe invention, esters of polysaccharides such as dextran, amylose,amylopectin, etc., with fatty acids containing 10 to 18 carbon atoms maybe employed as the cosmetic material to yield skin creams capable ofdepositing on the hands a water barrier film highly resistant to aqueousdetergent compositions.

The organic solvent employed, in addition to being cosmeticallyacceptable and having the ability to dissolve the water-insolublecosmetic material, must itself be either insoluble (i.e. less than 0.1%by weight at room temperature) in water (in which case it must bevolatile) or soluble only to a limited extent. For best results, thesolvent should be soluble in water at room temperature to the extent ofl to 10% by weight of the water; however, solvents having a solubilityof up to 20% by weight in water have been found to be operable. Amongthe solvents which have been found to be satisfactory are benzylalcohol; 2-ethy1-l ,3-hexanediol; bis(2-butoryethyl) ethers, butanol;isopropyl acetate; diethyl ketone, chloroform; carbon tetrachloride; andnumerous others having the requisite solubility. Solvents which aresoluble in water to the extent of 0.1% by weight or more are readilyremoved from the skin or hair by rinsing with water to leave the film ofcosmetic material. Solvents which are less soluble in water must bevolatile, i.e. must evaporate from the skin or hair during a relativelyshort period of time, e.g. a few seconds up to two minutes, at roomtemperature to leave a film of water-insoluble cosmetic material.

The amount of solvent used must be enough to dissolve or disperse all ofthe cosmetic material present; however, large excesses are preferablyavoided. When the cosmetic material itself has a very limited solubilityin a given solvent or when an extremely thin film is desired, solutionscontaining as little as 0.1% cosmetic material based on the weight oforganic solvent may be used. In general, it is preferred to employsolutions containing 30 to 100% by weight of cosmetic material based onthe weight of organic solvent. However, where the cosmetic material isvery soluble in the organic solvent such as, for example, the case ofmutually miscible liquids, up to 300% by weight of the cosmetic materialmay be employed based on the weight of the solvent.

The relative proportions of organic solvent and water may also vary overa wide range. It is normally preferred to limit the amount of solventemployed to that which is necessary to dissolve the water-insolublecosmetic material. However, where desirable for esthetic or otherreasons, the organic solvent may be present in larger amounts. In noevent should this exceed 20% by weight of the total composition.

Any of the well known water-soluble or dispersible protective colloidsmay be used in the formulation of the composition of this invention.Among the materials which may be used are the natural or syntheticwatersoluble or water-dispersible gums such as guar, karaya, tragacanth,the alginates, Irish moss, and the like; cellulose derivatives includingmethyl cellulose, hydroxy methyl cellulose, hydroxy ethyl cellulose,sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and the like; and vinyl polymers such aspolyvinyl pyrollidone, polyvinyl alcohol,

-copolymers of vinyl alkyl ethers (in which the alkyl groups have fromone to five carbon atoms) with maleic anhydride, water-soluble salts ofpolyacrylic acid, etc. The protective colloid is present in an amountsufficient to provide a relatively stable dispersion, as is well knownin the art, usually from 0.1 to 5.0 percent based on the water,depending on the identity of the particular protective colloid used.

Other conventional ingredients having esthetic, therapeutic or otherutilities may be present in the cosmetic compositions in addition to theforegoing. For example, where the film-forming cosmetic material iseffective as a binder to skin or hair, there may be added variousmedicaments such as germicides, anti-inflammatories, etc.; deodorants oranti-perspirants; sunscreen agents; perfumes; coloring dyes or pigments;optical brighteners; etc.

The following specific examples are intended to illustrate more clearlythe nature of the present invention without acting as a limitation uponthe scope of the patent.

EXAMPLE 1 Parts by Weight Benzyl alcohol 5.0 Ethyl alcohol l.0 Halfethyl ester ofa l:l copolymer of vinylmethyl ether and maleic anhydride0.5 stearyldimcthyl benzyl ammonium chloride 0.9 Hydroxyethyl cellulose1.2 Triethanol amine 0.4 Polydimethylsiloxane oil 0.l Perfume 0.5 Water90.4

In the foregoing composition, the benzyl alcohol, which has only limitedsolubility in water, serves as a solvent for the cosmetic material (thecopolymer, the

quaternary ammonium compound, the siloxane oil, and the perfume), andthe hydroxyethyl cellulose acts as the protective colloid. Thetriethanol amine functions to control the pH of the composition.

All of the ingredients except the hydroxyethyl cellulose, water andperfume are dissolved using agitation with the triethanolamine beingadded last. A thickened water phase is separately prepared by adding thehydroxyethyl cellulose to the water and heating to S0 C. with agitation.After cooling to 30 C., the first composition is dispersed in thethickened water phase using vigorous stirring for two minutes at 30 C.The composition is then further agitated at a slow roll with no visiblevortex until a uniform mixture is obtained. The perfume is then addedand the composition agitated for 25 to 30 minutes more. The resultingproduct is a body imparting hair rinse having a medium viscosity and apH of about 7.3.

One tablespoon of the composition is worked with the fingers through ahead of damp, towel blotted, freshly shampooed hair. After combing todistribute the rinse evenly, the hair is thoroughly rinsed with warmwater. Microscopic examination of fibers so treated shows that asemi-continuous polymer film has been deposited. The film provides easycombing in both the wet and dry states and leaves the dried hair with anattractive luster and added body.

EXAMPLE 2 Parts by Weight Amylopectin decanoate Polydimethylsiloxane oil2-ethyll ,3-hexane diol Diethylene glycol dibutyl etherCarboxypolymethylene (Carbopol 934) Sodium hydroxide Perfume Water Inthe above composition, the 2-ethyl-l ,3-hexanediol and diethylene glycoldibutyl ether which have only limited solubility in water, serve assolvent for the cosmetic materials amylopectin decanoate, siloxane oiland perfume. The carboxypolymethylene acts as the protective colloid.The sodium hydroxide functions merely to adjust the pH to within thedesired range of 6 to 8.

The composition of this example is prepared in a manner analogous tothat of Example 1. The resulting product is a water barrier hand creamwhich is applied by rubbing into the skin followed by a warm waterrinse. The resulting film a mixture of amylopectin decanoate andpolydimethylsiloxane, gives excellent protection against the effects ofaqueous detergent compositions such as anionic dishwashing products.This composition can also be prepared using 6% dibutyl carbitol as thesole organic solvent for the amylopectin decanoate andpolymethylsiloxane oil. While the resulting product has barrierproperties equal to the mixed solvent example, the emulsion is lesscreamy.

EXAMPLE 3 The composition of Example 1 is prepared with the addition ofanother water insoluble cosmetic material,

0.5% of a disperse dye (Latyl Blue RB, Du Pont). Rinse-on deposition ofthe composition onto a tress of white human hair yields a strong bluecolor in addition to the body and conditioning benefits described above.The dyed composition can be readily removed by the usual shampooprocedure. Any desired shade can be achieved by the proper choice orblending of organic dyes or inorganic pigments.

EXAMPLE 4 EXAMPLE 5 Parts by Weight Lanolin 2.0 Benzyl alcohol 4.0Hydroxycthyl cellulose 1.2 Perfume 0.3 Water 92.5

The lanolin and perfume cosmetic materials are dissolved in the benzylalcohol solvent and the resulting solution dispersed in the aqueoushydroxyethyl cellulose as described in Example 1. Rinse-on depositiononto damp, shampooed hair yields a thin lustrous coating of lanolin oil,evenly distributed throughout the hair.

EXAMPLE 6 Parts by Weight Montan wax (Wax W, Hostachem) 4.0 Benzylalcohol 4.0 Carboxypolymethylene (Carbopol 934) 1.0 Sodium hydroxide 0.5Perfume 0.5 Water 90.0

The composition is prepared by dissolving the montan wax and perfumecosmetic materials in benzyl alcohol, then dispersing the solution inwater containing carboxypolymethylene protective colloid, the sodiumhydroxide being used to adjust the pH to within the desired range of 6to 8. Rinse-on deposition onto skin or hair yields a thin even waxcoating resistant to soap or shampoo removal.

The composition is prepared by dissolving the dextran stearate andperfume cosmetic materials in chloroform as the solvent, then dispersingthe solution into water containing guar gum protective colloid. Thecomposition is applied by rubbing it onto the skin and allowing thechloroform and water to evaporate, leaving an evenly deposited film ofpolymer which is resistant to soap or shampoo removal.

Although specific embodiments of the invention have been describedherein, it is not intended to limit the invention solely thereto but toinclude all of the variations and modifications which suggest themselvesto a person skilled in the art.

What is claimed is:

1. An aqueous cosmetic composition adapted to be coated on the skin orhair and to deposit a thin film of water-insoluble cosmetic materialcomprising an aqueous medium containing from 0.1 to 5%, based on theweight of the water, of a water-soluble or water-dispersible protectivecolloid, and dispersed therein an organic solvent solution containingfrom 0.1 to 300%, based on the weight of the solvent, of cosmeticmaterial which is a substantially colorless fat, oil, wax or polymer andwhich is less soluble in water at room temperature than 0.5% by weight,the maximum amount of said solvent being 20% by weight of the totalcomposition, said solvent being volatile and less soluble in water than0.1% by weight at room temperature or being soluble in water to anextent from 0.1 to 20% by weight at room temperature.

2. An aqueous composition as claimed in claim 1 in which the solvent isa volatile solvent less soluble than 0.1% by weight in water.

3. An aqueous composition as claimed in claim 1 in which the solvent issoluble in water to the extent of 1 to 10% by weight.

4. An aqueous composition as claimed in claim 3 in which the solvent isbenzyl alcohol.

5. An aqueous composition as claimed in claim 3 in which the solvent is2-ethyl-l ,3-hexanediol.

2. An aqueous composition as claimed in claim 1 in which the solvent isa volatile solvent less soluble than 0.1% by weight in water.
 3. Anaqueous composition as claimed in claim 1 in which the solvent issoluble in water to the extent of 1 to 10% by weight.
 4. An aqueouscomposition as claimed in claim 3 in which the solvent is benzylalcohol.
 5. An aqueous composition as claimed in claim 3 in which thesolvent is 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol.